2001 DULUTH, MINNESOTA (DLH)

Duluth, Minnesota is located at the western tip of Lake Superior. The city, about 20 miles long, lies at the base of a range of hills that rise abruptly to 600–800 feet above the level of Lake Superior. The range runs in a northeast and southwest direction. Two or 3 miles from the lake the land becomes a slightly rolling plateau.

Duluth in the summer is known as the Air Conditioned City. Being situated below high terrain and along the lake, any easterly component winds automatically cool the city. However, with westerly flow in the summer, the wind generally abates at night, thus, allowing cool lake air to move back into the city area near the lake.

An important influence on the climate is the passage of a succession of high and low pressure systems west and east. The proximity of Lake Superior, which is the largest and coldest of the Great Lakes, modifies the local weather. Summer temperatures are cooler and winter temperatures are warmer. The lake effect at Duluth is most prevalent when low pressure systems pass to the south creating easterly winds. In the summer, warm, moist air flowing over the cold lake surface has a stabilizing effect that results in cool, cloudy weather over Duluth. However, during the winter cold air flowing over the warm open lake surface absorbs moisture that is later precipitated over Duluth as snow. The lake effect is further reflected from the low frequency of severe storms such as wind, hail, tornadoes, freezing rain (glaze), and blizzards when compared to other areas that are a further distance from the lake.

Easterly component winds at Duluth occur 40 to 50 percent of the time from March through August and 20 to 25 percent of the time from November through February. During the winter 60 to 70 percent of the winds are from a westerly component.

The climate of Duluth is predominantly continental with significant local Lake Superior effects. Duluth averages 143 days between the last occurrence of 32 degrees in mid–May and the first in early October. At the Duluth Airport about six miles away from the lake, the average first and last occurrences of 32 degrees are late May and late September, giving a freeze–free period of 123 days.

Fall colors throughout this area are outstanding. Reds, yellows, browns, and combinations of these are an experience to see. Recreation is superb from December through March for cross–country and down–hill skiing and snowmobiling. The snow is dry.

Ice in the harbor forms about mid–November and generally is gone by mid–April. The shipping season can vary from year to year depending on temperatures and the winds that move the ice around. In most years there is little or no shipping during February and March on Lake Superior.

NORMALS, MEANS, AND EXTREMES

DULUTH, MN (DLH)

LATITUDE:    LONGITUDE:     ELEVATION (FT):    TIME ZONE:    WBAN: 14913

46 50′ 38″ N  92 11′ 39″ W  GRND: 1426  BARO: 1429  CENTRAL (UTC + 6)

	ELEMENT	POR	JAN	FEB	MAR	APR	MAY	JUN	JUL	AUG	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	YEAR
TEMPERATURE F	NORMAL DAILY MAXIMUM	30	16.2	21.7	32.9	48.2	61.9	71.0	77.1	73.9	63.8	52.3	35.2	20.7	47.9
	MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM	54	16.8	22.5	32.6	47.9	61.8	70.6	76.1	74.0	64.1	52.6	35.0	21.7	48.0
	HIGHEST DAILY MAXIMUM	60	52	55	78	88	90	94	97	97	95	86	71	55	97
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		1942	2000	1946	1952	1986	1995	1988	1947	1976	1953	1999	1962	JUL 1988
	MEAN OF EXTREME MAXS.	54	36.2	41.2	51.3	70.7	81.8	85.9	88.6	87.5	81.4	73.4	54.8	39.5	66.0
	NORMAL DAILY MINIMUM	30	-2.2	2.8	15.7	28.9	39.6	48.5	55.1	53.3	44.5	35.1	21.5	4.9	29.0
	MEAN DAILY MINIMUM	54	-1.5	3.6	15.1	29.0	39.9	48.3	54.5	53.2	44.8	35.1	21.2	6.0	29.1
	LOWEST DAILY MINIMUM	60	-39	-39	-29	-5	17	27	35	32	22	8	-23	-34	-39
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		1972	1996	1989	1975	1967	1972	1988	1986	1942	1976	1964	1983	FEB 1996
	MEAN OF EXTREME MINS.	54	-26.8	-21.1	-9.8	12.1	26.7	35.6	42.7	40.8	29.4	20.0	0.1	-17.8	11.0
	NORMAL DRY BULB	30	7.0	12.3	24.4	38.6	50.8	59.8	66.1	63.7	54.2	43.7	28.4	12.8	38.5
	MEAN DRY BULB	54	7.7	13.1	23.8	38.5	50.7	59.6	65.3	63.7	54.4	43.9	28.1	14.0	38.6
	MEAN WET BULB	16	10.1	14.4	23.6	34.2	45.8	54.6	59.6	59.1	50.8	38.8	24.5	13.2	35.7
	MEAN DEW POINT	16	5.4	8.6	17.1	26.1	38.5	49.9	55.8	55.6	46.8	33.3	20.2	9.1	30.5
	NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
	MAXIMUM 90	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	1.1	0.8	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.4
	MAXIMUM 32	30	27.9	22.3	15.1	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	11.8	26.5	106.2
	MINIMUM 32	30	31.0	27.8	28.9	20.2	5.6	0.4	0.0	*	2.6	12.4	25.6	30.8	185.3
	MINIMUM 0	30	17.4	12.9	4.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	12.4	48.9
H/C	NORMAL HEATING DEG. DAYS	30	1798	1476	1259	792	445	170	60	113	329	660	1098	1618	9818
	NORMAL COOLING DEG. DAYS	30	0	0	0	0	0	14	94	72	0	0	0	0	180
RH	NORMAL (PERCENT)	30	72	70	69	64	63	70	71	74	76	71	75	76	71
	HOUR 00 LST	30	74	73	74	70	71	79	82	84	84	77	78	78	77
	HOUR 06 LST	30	76	76	78	76	76	81	84	88	87	82	81	79	80
	HOUR 12 LST	30	69	65	63	56	53	59	59	62	64	62	70	74	63
	HOUR 18 LST	30	69	64	62	54	52	58	59	64	68	66	72	74	64
S	PERCENT POSSIBLE SUNSHINE	47	48	53	55	56	57	58	65	61	52	46	35	39	52
W/O	MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
	HEAVY FOG(VISBY 1/4 MI)	53	2.3	2.5	3.6	3.6	5.2	6.6	5.4	6.4	5.5	4.5	3.3	3.2	52.1
	THUNDERSTORMS	59	0.1	0.0	0.6	1.7	3.5	6.7	7.9	6.9	3.9	1.3	0.4	0.1	33.1
CLOUDINESS	MEAN:
	SUNRISE-SUNSET (OKTAS)	48	5.4	5.2	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.3	4.7	4.7	5.2	5.3	6.0	5.6	5.3
	MIDNIGHT-MIDNIGHT (OKTAS)	32	5.0	5.0	5.2	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.3	4.3	4.7	5.0	5.7	5.4	4.9
	MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
	CLEAR	49	7.4	7.3	7.0	6.2	6.2	5.1	6.7	7.2	6.3	6.4	4.4	6.0	76.2
	PARTLY CLOUDY	49	7.0	6.2	6.9	7.9	9.6	11.0	12.7	11.9	8.4	7.6	5.5	5.8	100.5
	CLOUDY	49	16.7	14.7	17.0	15.9	15.2	13.9	10.9	11.3	14.6	16.4	19.5	18.6	184.7
PR	MEAN STATION PRESSURE(IN)	28	28.50	28.50	28.50	28.40	28.40	28.40	28.50	28.50	28.50	28.50	28.41	28.51	28.47
	MEAN SEA-LEVEL PRES. (IN)	16	30.06	30.07	30.06	29.97	29.96	30.00	29.96	30.01	30.01	30.01	30.02	30.08	30.02
WINDS	MEAN SPEED (MPH)	43	11.6	11.6	12.0	12.6	11.9	10.5	9.7	9.5	10.6	11.5	12.2	11.6	11.3
	PREVAIL. DIR (TENS OF DEGS)	27	30	31	09	09	09	11	10	11	30	31	30	31	30
	MAXIMUM 2-MINUTE:
	SPEED (MPH)	5	37	37	47	43	39	33	39	46	33	38	44	41	47
	DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)		33	09	08	20	28	09	28	29	26	35	08	28	08
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		2001	1999	1998	1998	1998	2000	1999	2001	1998	1999	1998	2001	MAR 1998
	MAXIMUM 5-SECOND:
	SPEED (MPH)	5	44	46	57	57	49	46	47	62	40	49	55	56	62
	DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)		33	07	08	20	30	23	28	29	27	01	09	31	29
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		2001	1999	1998	1998	2000	1999	1999	2001	1998	1999	1998	1999	AUG 2001
PRECIPITATION	NORMAL (IN)	30	1.22	0.80	1.91	2.25	3.03	3.82	3.61	3.99	3.84	2.49	1.80	1.24	30.00
	MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)	60	4.70	2.72	5.12	8.18	7.67	8.04	8.74	10.31	9.38	7.53	5.08	3.70	10.31
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		1969	1998	1965	2001	1962	1986	1999	1972	1991	1949	2000	1968	AUG 1972
	MINIMUM MONTHLY (IN)	60	0.14	0.13	0.22	0.24	0.15	0.55	0.97	0.71	0.19	0.13	0.19	0.13	0.13
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		1961	1988	1959	1987	1976	1995	1947	1970	1952	1944	1976	1997	DEC 1997
	MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)	52	1.74	1.38	2.38	2.60	3.25	4.05	3.68	5.79	3.77	2.90	2.64	2.12	5.79
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		1975	1965	1977	2001	1979	1958	1987	1978	1972	1973	1968	1950	AUG 1978
	NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
	PRECIPITATION 0.01	30	12.1	9.4	10.9	10.4	11.8	12.3	11.2	11.8	12.1	9.8	10.5	11.7	134.0
	PRECIPITATION 1.00	30	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.8	1.1	1.2	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.1	5.9
SNOWFALL	NORMAL (IN)	30	17.2	10.3	14.1	6.3	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.*	1.3	11.4	16.1	77.3
	MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)	58	46.8	32.1	45.5	31.5	8.1	0.2	T	T	2.4	9.7	50.1	44.3	50.1
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		1969	2001	1965	1950	1954	1945	1992	1995	1991	1995	1991	1950	NOV 1991
	MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)	58	16.3	17.0	19.4	11.6	4.3	0.2	T	T	2.4	7.9	24.1	25.4	25.4
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		1994	1948	1965	1983	1954	1945	1992	1995	1991	1966	1991	1950	DEC 1950
	MAXIMUM SNOW DEPTH (IN)	53	42	38	48	41	9	0	0	0	0	6	30	32	48
	YEAR OF OCCURRENCE		1969	1969	1965	1965	1950					1966	1991	1983	MAR 1965
	NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
	SNOWFALL 1.0	30	4.2	3.3	4.0	1.8	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	2.9	4.5	21.3

PRECIPITATION (inches) 2001 DULUTH, MN (DLH)
YEAR	JAN	FEB	MAR	APR	MAY	JUN	JUL	AUG	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	ANNUAL
1972	2.28	1.47	1.45	2.17	2.00	3.70	6.71	10.31	5.30	0.83	1.37	2.02	39.61
1973	0.67	0.29	1.54	1.35	3.81	2.43	2.36	8.46	4.28	4.56	1.61	0.69	32.05
1974	0.97	0.82	0.78	2.07	3.09	4.07	4.85	3.79	0.98	1.57	1.36	1.15	25.50
1975	3.69	0.76	2.59	2.21	1.44	5.59	2.26	2.52	2.32	1.20	4.19	0.64	29.41
1976	1.57	1.05	3.67	0.73	0.15	6.16	2.60	1.84	1.84	0.48	0.19	0.39	20.67
1977	0.36	0.47	4.43	1.27	3.50	3.97	3.91	3.26	5.97	3.20	2.37	1.31	34.02
1978	0.52	0.35	0.47	1.96	3.49	2.96	7.67	7.49	1.52	0.77	1.27	1.19	29.66
1979	0.76	1.89	3.58	1.15	6.01	4.33	5.45	2.10	2.01	3.01	0.47	0.16	30.92
1980	1.55	0.56	1.02	0.41	0.82	2.35	3.94	5.34	6.61	1.64	0.70	0.63	25.57
1981	0.32	1.50	1.05	4.48	1.15	5.83	3.26	2.84	2.42	3.59	0.96	0.97	28.37
1982	2.02	0.48	2.06	2.06	4.30	1.97	6.21	1.60	4.19	5.07	3.08	1.19	34.23
1983	1.34	0.49	2.05	2.28	2.12	2.00	3.51	3.37	5.57	2.32	5.01	1.97	32.03
1984	0.78	0.61	0.54	2.34	1.83	5.70	1.33	1.96	3.82	5.19	0.82	1.91	26.83
1985	0.39	0.66	1.85	2.35	4.44	3.18	4.16	3.91	6.02	1.76	2.33	0.78	31.83
1986	0.66	0.74	0.88	4.11	2.59	8.04	4.58	5.29	6.26	0.66	2.01	0.45	36.27
1987	0.69	0.31	0.60	0.24	4.02	0.83	5.46	1.87	2.93	0.96	1.26	0.67	19.84
1988	0.78	0.13	2.55	0.44	3.96	4.56	1.14	6.82	6.18	1.05	3.44	1.12	32.17
1989	1.87	0.34	1.49	2.11	3.50	3.81	1.09	5.02	4.40	1.02	1.01	0.63	26.29
1990	0.51	0.51	3.35	3.76	1.48	4.83	2.42	5.39	6.49	3.51	0.65	0.49	33.39
1991	0.52	0.55	1.17	3.90	6.11	5.64	5.33	2.49	9.38	2.85	4.89	0.61	43.44
1992	0.60	0.58	0.84	2.87	2.87	5.04	3.64	4.13	3.90	1.13	1.84	1.23	28.67
1993	1.79	0.38	0.44	2.42	4.74	6.95	5.75	3.63	1.81	0.56	2.60	1.28	32.35
1994	1.85	0.62	1.11	4.11	1.91	4.54	2.20	3.45	5.61	2.27	2.53	0.33	30.53
1995	1.38	1.04	1.97	2.19	4.13	0.55	5.73	6.67	3.02	4.24	1.84	1.54	34.30
1996	1.35	1.10	0.50	1.47	1.61	5.10	8.37	2.92	5.34	3.08	3.95	0.86	35.65
1997	0.94	0.23	1.48	1.07	1.90	5.17	4.33	1.26	1.75	2.29	0.43	0.13	20.98
1998	0.36	2.72	1.84	1.42	2.21	6.13	1.72	2.59	3.33	4.21	3.42	1.57	31.52
1999	0.87	0.64	0.76	2.96	2.93	4.72	8.74	7.41	5.80	2.35	0.70	0.23	38.11
2000	0.77	1.08	2.64	1.38	3.07	4.18	3.50	4.42	2.02	2.27	5.08	0.93	31.34
2001	1.25	1.76	0.69	8.18	3.49	3.06	1.89	3.31	1.41	2.42	2.21	0.55	30.22
POR=98 YRS	1.12	0.93	1.64	2.27	3.10	4.05	3.78	3.51	3.39	2.25	1.77	1.09	28.90

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (F) 2001 DULUTH, MN (DLH)
YEAR	JAN	FEB	MAR	APR	MAY	JUN	JUL	AUG	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	ANNUAL
1972	0.2	6.4	17.9	33.3	53.5	58.4	61.2	61.9	50.0	38.9	25.9	7.2	34.6
1973	11.6	13.7	31.8	38.3	47.8	59.1	64.8	65.5	53.6	48.2	27.9	11.7	39.5
1974	5.6	11.0	20.6	37.9	46.6	58.6	67.1	60.1	47.9	42.8	29.2	19.5	37.2
1975	9.6	12.0	18.2	31.0	53.3	57.9	68.7	62.0	50.9	46.7	31.3	11.8	37.8
1976	4.7	20.7	22.0	42.6	50.6	63.2	66.1	64.9	55.3	37.1	22.1	4.5	37.8
1977	-.2	17.2	31.4	44.4	57.4	60.0	65.9	58.6	53.2	44.3	28.0	11.3	39.3
1978	5.1	10.5	25.6	38.3	54.8	60.2	64.7	63.6	57.3	44.9	26.2	10.1	38.4
1979	0.6	5.0	23.0	34.5	47.2	59.8	66.1	62.0	56.9	43.0	29.4	22.2	37.5
1980	8.7	10.7	19.7	41.4	54.9	59.5	67.6	63.6	52.9	38.9	30.1	11.6	38.3
1981	11.9	16.3	28.3	39.2	50.2	58.7	65.5	64.3	52.9	40.5	34.7	14.8	39.8
1982	-3.2	10.6	20.8	35.7	52.8	54.8	64.5	60.8	54.3	45.1	24.4	19.6	36.7
1983	13.2	21.1	25.6	35.1	46.7	59.9	69.6	69.7	56.6	44.9	31.6	1.8	39.7
1984	7.1	23.0	18.7	42.4	50.5	61.4	66.6	67.7	51.9	45.7	28.4	13.2	39.7
1985	6.5	11.6	30.3	42.1	54.9	56.5	64.6	59.7	52.1	42.7	19.9	3.0	37.0
1986	11.7	11.5	28.5	42.1	51.8	58.9	64.7	60.8	52.7	43.4	24.0	18.8	39.1
1987	15.3	23.7	31.6	46.1	53.1	63.1	67.6	63.5	57.2	39.4	32.2	20.4	42.8
1988	4.8	6.2	24.4	40.1	56.0	62.8	70.0	64.5	55.4	38.6	28.9	13.5	38.8
1989	14.3	3.4	18.9	36.8	51.7	58.4	68.6	64.8	55.9	44.4	23.2	4.1	37.0
1990	18.7	14.9	27.1	40.2	48.3	61.5	64.6	64.1	56.2	42.1	31.4	12.6	40.1
1991	5.9	19.4	26.1	42.7	54.7	61.7	63.8	66.3	53.0	40.4	22.0	15.9	39.3
1992	16.7	21.2	25.9	36.2	53.8	56.3	59.4	60.5	53.8	41.7	27.3	15.9	39.1
1993	11.9	14.5	27.1	37.2	50.3	57.1	63.6	65.0	49.5	40.0	24.4	17.0	38.1
1994	-2.1	6.5	28.6	39.6	53.8	62.5	64.5	62.5	58.5	47.2	33.6	21.3	39.7
1995	13.7	11.7	28.2	34.7	52.4	65.1	66.8	67.4	55.1	43.7	20.6	12.1	39.3
1996	2.2	11.9	19.4	33.7	48.2	60.4	62.1	65.4	56.2	43.6	21.6	11.2	36.3
1997	7.0	14.5	23.5	35.7	45.8	62.2	63.8	61.0	57.5	43.9	24.9	22.7	38.5
1998	16.4	29.0	25.4	44.1	55.9	58.8	65.7	67.1	59.3	45.9	32.1	18.7	43.2
1999	9.3	21.3	27.8	41.4	53.6	60.6	67.6	63.5	54.5	42.3	36.2	19.7	41.5
2000	10.3	21.4	33.4	38.1	52.9	56.0	64.6	64.7	53.9	46.9	28.6	4.4	39.6
2001	17.4	7.8	24.5	39.8	52.8	60.9	65.7	67.0	55.4	43.4	39.5	22.2	41.4
POR=98 YRS	8.6	12.9	24.3	38.4	49.6	58.7	65.2	63.7	55.1	44.1	28.6	14.7	38.7

REFERENCE NOTES:

PAGE 1:

THE TEMPERATURE GRAPH SHOWS NORMAL MAXIMUM AND NORMAL MINIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURES (SOLID CURVES) AND THE ACTUAL DAILY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES (VERTICAL BARS).

PAGE 2 AND 3:

H/C INDICATES HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS.

RH INDICATES RELATIVE HUMIDITY

W/O INDICATES WEATHER AND OBSTRUCTIONS

S INDICATES SUNSHINE.

PR INDICATES PRESSURE.

CLOUDINESS ON PAGE 3 IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA NOT TO EXCEED EIGHT EIGHTHS (OKTAS).

GENERAL:

T INDICATES TRACE PRECIPITATION, AN AMOUNT GREATER THAN ZERO BUT LESS THAN THE LOWEST REPORTABLE VALUE.

+ INDICATES THE VALUE ALSO OCCURS ON EARLIER DATES.

BLANK ENTRIES DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA.

NORMALS ARE 30–YEAR AVERAGES (1961–1990).

ASOS INDICATES AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM.

PM INDICATES THE LAST DAY OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH.

POR (PERIOD OF RECORD) BEGINS WITH THE JANUARY DATA MONTH AND IS THE NUMBER OF YEARS USED TO COMPUTE THE MEAN. INDIVIDUAL MONTHS WITHIN THE POR MAY BE MISSING.

WHEN THE POR FOR A NORMAL IS LESS THAN 30 YEARS, THE NORMAL IS PROVISIONAL AND IS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF YEARS INDICATED.

0.* OR * INDICATES THE VALUE OR MEAN–DAYS–WITH IS BETWEEN 0.00 AND 0.05.

CLOUDINESS FOR ASOS STATIONS DIFFERS FROM THE NON–ASOS OBSERVATION TAKEN BY A HUMAN OBSERVER. ASOS STATION CLOUDINESS IS BASED ON TIME–AVERAGED CEILOMETER DATA FOR CLOUDS AT OR BELOW 12,000 FEET AND ON SATELLITE DATA FOR CLOUDS ABOVE 12,000 FEET.

THE NUMBER OF DAYS WITH CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, AND CLOUDY CONDITIONS FOR ASOS STATIONS IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA FOR THE SUNRISE TO SUNSET PERIOD.

GENERAL CONTINUED:

CLEAR INDICATES 0–2 OKTAS, PARTLY CLOUDY INDICATES 3–6 OKTAS, AND CLOUDY INDICATES 7 OR 8 OKTAS. WHEN AT LEAST ONE OF THE ELEMENTS (CEILOMETER OR SATELLITE) IS MISSING, THE DAILY CLOUDINESS IS NOT COMPUTED.

WIND DIRECTION IS RECORDED IN TENS OF DEGREES (2 DIGITS) CLOCKWISE FROM TRUE NORTH. "00" INDICATES CALM. "36" INDICATES TRUE NORTH.

RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR AVERAGE OF THE SPEED AND DIRECTION.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS THE SUM OF THE MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE DIVIDED BY 2.

SNOWFALL DATA COMPRISE ALL FORMS OF FROZEN PRECIPITATION, INCLUDING HAIL.

A HEATING (COOLING) DEGREE DAY IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE AND 65 F.

DRY BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AMBIENT AIR.

DEW POINT IS THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH THE AIR MUST BE COOLED TO ACHIEVE 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

WET BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE THE AIR WOULD HAVE IF THE MOISTURE CONTENT WAS INCREASED TO 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

ON JULY 1, 1996, THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BEGAN USING THE "METAR" OBSERVATION CODE THAT WAS ALREADY EMPLOYED BY MOST OTHER NATIONS OF THE WORLD. THE MOST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE IN THIS ANNUAL PUBLICATION WILL BE THE CHANGE IN UNITS FROM TENTHS TO EIGHTS (OKTAS) FOR REPORTING THE AMOUNT OF SKY COVER.

HEATING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 ALBUQUERQUE, NM (ABQ)
YEAR	JUL	AUG	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	APR	MAY	JUN	TOTAL
1972-73	0	3	14	244	740	925	1020	811	607	440	113	3	4920
1973-74	0	0	43	257	606	955	963	754	373	255	29	4	4239
1974-75	0	2	68	212	593	1020	1051	748	614	449	143	6	4906
1975-76	0	0	47	256	664	905	979	622	634	304	99	1	4511
1976-77	0	0	35	367	726	985	1084	675	669	250	61	0	4852
1977-78	0	0	1	192	551	757	870	713	454	215	175	2	3930
1978-79	0	0	20	167	521	945	988	665	509	241	100	12	4168
1979-80	0	0	23	148	715	840	763	595	577	379	139	2	4181
1980-81	0	0	6	335	640	752	827	611	575	197	62	2	4007
1981-82	0	0	3	280	534	754	895	709	538	268	94	0	4075
1982-83	0	0	23	314	658	941	922	703	556	439	127	0	4683
1983-84	0	0	11	198	592	875	948	714	559	362	22	3	4284
1984-85	0	0	51	411	631	903	960	744	536	220	74	7	4537
1985-86	0	0	61	228	581	842	727	610	431	249	80	8	3817
1986-87	0	0	51	313	680	882	1004	717	653	300	81	2	4683
1987-88	0	0	2	133	589	914	937	605	551	290	103	2	4126
1988-89	0	5	39	118	579	959	909	640	373	133	31	0	3786
1989-90	0	0	10	260	551	918	934	735	501	233	103	0	4245
1990-91	0	0	14	202	595	1013	903	563	581	263	60	12	4206
1991-92	0	0	21	188	645	851	994	651	493	170	53	5	4071
1992-93	0	0	8	128	752	991	778	624	496	238	69	3	4087
1993-94	0	0	15	284	642	853	827	676	453	218	52	0	4020
1994-95	0	0	1	251	610	741	793	435	433	320	67	0	3651
1995-96	0	0	37	165	419	741	787	540	558	239	12	0	3498
1996-97	0	0	66	297	575	809	973	676	403	366	48	12	4225
1997-98	0	0	9	278	635	994	834	727	558	376	51	4	4466
1998-99	0	0	0	225	549	816	744	584	435	332	98	5	3788
1999-00	0	0	23	203	447	902	740	571	528	184	32	0	3630
2000-01	0	0	16	302	760	858	961	619	509	218	35	3	4281
2001-	0	0	1	134	508	881

COOLING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 DULUTH, MN (DLH)
YEAR	JAN	FEB	MAR	APR	MAY	JUN	JUL	AUG	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	ANNUAL
1972	0	0	0	0	8	22	24	59	0	0	0	0	113
1973	0	0	0	0	0	1	72	84	18	0	0	0	175
1974	0	0	0	0	0	19	115	15	0	0	0	0	149
1975	0	0	0	0	2	18	168	41	0	0	0	0	229
1976	0	0	0	0	0	53	75	117	26	0	0	0	271
1977	0	0	0	0	12	24	80	6	0	0	0	0	122
1978	0	0	0	0	17	34	70	64	39	0	0	0	224
1979	0	0	0	0	4	25	95	30	15	0	0	0	169
1980	0	0	0	0	25	46	126	40	3	0	0	0	240
1981	0	0	0	0	2	2	97	48	6	0	0	0	155
1982	0	0	0	0	0	0	58	36	18	0	0	0	112
1983	0	0	0	0	0	42	179	165	42	0	0	0	428
1984	0	0	0	0	4	13	96	133	4	0	0	0	250
1985	0	0	0	0	9	4	54	20	15	0	0	0	102
1986	0	0	0	0	13	18	74	26	0	0	0	0	131
1987	0	0	0	0	13	62	121	60	7	0	0	0	263
1988	0	0	0	0	27	83	183	89	4	0	0	0	386
1989	0	0	0	0	0	17	147	80	7	0	0	0	251
1990	0	0	0	7	0	32	70	73	16	0	0	0	198
1991	0	0	0	0	20	35	69	117	8	0	0	0	249
1992	0	0	0	0	13	18	9	37	3	3	0	0	83
1993	0	0	0	0	0	8	36	76	0	0	0	0	120
1994	0	0	0	0	11	36	52	43	8	0	0	0	150
1995	0	0	0	0	7	107	105	99	14	4	0	0	336
1996	0	0	0	0	0	44	25	58	21	0	0	0	148
1997	0	0	0	0	0	27	67	37	8	0	0	0	139
1998	0	0	0	0	8	12	81	93	32	0	0	0	226
1999	0	0	0	0	12	33	127	35	20	0	0	0	227
2000	0	0	0	0	2	10	69	51	9	0	0	0	141
2001	0	0	0	0	0	49	96	117	17	0	0	0	279

SNOWFALL (inches) 2001 DULUTH, MN (DLH)
YEAR	JUL	AUG	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	APR	MAY	JUN	TOTAL
1972-73	0.0	0.0	T	0.5	6.7	20.0	9.2	3.0	2.1	2.8	1.5	0.0	45.8
1973-74	0.0	0.0	0.0	T	7.6	15.7	13.4	15.3	15.1	5.2	1.0	0.0	73.3
1974-75	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.8	4.5	19.1	32.7	12.3	30.3	0.4	T	0.0	100.4
1975-76	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	25.7	7.8	20.6	8.8	26.4	0.0	T	0.0	89.4
1976-77	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8	2.7	7.8	8.8	5.1	15.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	40.6
1977-78	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.7	16.0	12.0	13.5	11.4	8.3	6.8	0.0	0.0	69.7
1978-79	0.0	0.0	0.0	T	10.1	20.8	11.9	23.3	17.0	4.2	1.4	0.0	88.7
1979-80	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8	6.0	2.0	21.9	10.3	12.6	1.5	T	0.0	55.1
1980-81	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.3	1.6	7.1	4.7	13.3	4.2	4.3	T	0.0	36.5
1981-82	0.0	0.0	T	1.4	12.5	15.5	34.2	8.0	17.8	6.3	0.0	0.0	95.7
1982-83	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8	16.0	21.4	15.7	9.0	9.9	23.7	T	0.0	96.5
1983-84	0.0	0.0	T	T	37.7	32.1	20.0	4.0	9.9	3.3	0.3	0.0	107.3
1984-85	0.0	0.0	T	3.5	2.4	8.2	15.3	12.0	26.7	0.1	0.0	0.0	68.2
1985-86	0.0	0.0	0.7	2.3	34.1	18.8	11.5	10.3	11.4	0.2	T	0.0	89.3
1986-87	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.8	8.2	7.3	11.2	5.1	6.7	0.3	T	0.0	40.6
1987-88	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.9	5.8	11.3	16.7	2.3	13.7	0.1	0.0	0.0	53.8
1988-89	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	24.3	20.7	31.2	5.3	17.6	19.0	0.7	0.0	119.1
1989-90	0.0	T	0.0	0.6	8.4	14.2	5.5	15.0	11.6	2.4	0.6	T	58.3
1990-91	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.2	5.1	13.5	11.4	9.7	9.5	8.5	2.9	0.0	63.8
1991-92	0.0	0.0	2.4	4.3	50.1	12.9	9.3	10.6	0.7	9.7	0.0	0.0	100.0
1992-93	T	0.0	T	5.1	29.4	15.5	24.9	10.0	5.8	3.5	T	0.0	94.2
1993-94	0.0	0.0	T	0.6	28.5	15.1	35.3	7.9	13.0	10.0	0.0	T	110.4
1994-95	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	15.5	6.2	12.8	17.6	20.9	16.2	T	0.0	89.4
1995-96	0.0	T	0.1	9.7	20.4	25.9	34.0	21.3	11.4	12.6	T
1996-97					15.9	41.7	35.5	8.9	23.6	1.7	0.1	0.0
1997-98	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.2	16.9	6.0	29.9	9.6	14.2	2.3	0.0	T	80.1
1998-99	0.0	T	0.0	T	15.7	12.8	18.9	13.5	17.8	11.5	0.0	0.0	90.2
1999-00	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.2	4.4	16.5	13.3	9.5	5.6	T	0.0	55.5
2000-01	0.0	0.0	0.0	T	17.5	19.2	14.9	32.1	7.9	7.7	0.0	0.0	99.3
2001-	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	11.4	7.3
POR=57 YRS	T	T	0.1	1.5	12.9	15.0	17.6	11.7	13.3	6.6	1.0	T	79.7